A steel furnace at the factory of Hoa Phat Steel Joint Stock Company, Hoa Phat Group in the northern province of Hai Duong.

The statement was made by Dang Nguyen Anh, Vice President of the Viet Nam Academy of Social Sciences (VASS), at a conference to announce the Report on Productivity and Competitiveness of Vietnamese Enterprises, published by VASS, the Ministry of Planning and Investment and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), on Friday in Ha Noi.

“With income per capita expected to reach US$3,000 by 2020, according to the World Economic Forum, Viet Nam has overcome the period that growth relies heavily on the value added-to-input ratios and is shifting to the new period where growth is mainly attributed to efficiency and productivity,” Nguyen Anh said.

The growth drivers, which helped Viet Nam achieved high growth rates during the years of the Doi moi (Renewal) process, such as mineral resources and cheap labour, were now no longer the main motivations for growth.

Therefore, Viet Nam needed to transform the growth model towards more reliance on increasing productivity, innovation and competitiveness of businesses, Nguyen Anh said.

According to the Report, Viet Nam's Industrial Competitiveness Index (ICI), manufacturing exports and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) have continuously improved compared to other countries.

In some indicators (such as the value-added-to-output ratio and RCA), Viet Nam outperformed India and Bangladesh. But in other manufacturing performance indicators, especially labour productivity, Viet Nam lagged behind comparative countries.

Viet Nam's manufacturing labour productivity remained around a quarter of China’s and Malaysia’s, one third of Indonesia’s and the Philippines', a half of India’s and Thailand’s, and just around 7 per cent of Japan’s and South Korea’s in 2015.

The report also recommended that Viet Nam prioritise the enhancement of domestic private enterprises’ productivity and competitiveness during its next development stage and as integral parts of public investment, speed up the reformation of State-owned enterprises and improve FDI policies.

Specifically, Viet Nam needed to shift its focus from quantity to attraction of higher-quality FDI and bridge gaps between domestic private enterprises and FDI enterprises.

The most important thing is that higher-quality FDI firms should be long-term partnerships with local firms (as key players in production chains). The Government should co-operate with such FDI firms in a “win-win” approach, to support capacity development of domestic firms, help them benefit from technology transfers and connect them as first-tier suppliers to leading FDI firms and global value chains, the report said.

However, according to Nguyen Thang, director of the VASS’s Centre for Analysis and Forecasting, the selection of high-quality FDI investors remained a big issue.

"To attract a high-quality FDI investor, it is crucial to create good policies and favourable conditions, especially in availability of infrastructure, logistics, as well as high-skilled human resources,” Thang said.

When the FDI inflows into Viet Nam thrive and move more continuously, the customs system must also respond quickly to the changes, Thang added.

According to Caitlin Wiesen, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Resident Representative, enhancing the productivity of manufacturing enterprises is imperative for Viet Nam to avoid a middle-income trap and achieve inclusive growth.

Key policy objectives should support domestic private firms to grow in size, and enhance productivity and competitiveness through development of local value chains, with special attention paid to facilitating the emergence of big domestic firms to lead domestic value chains and become significant global value chain players, she said. — VNS