Veteran Pham Huu Duong with his products from macadamia trees which are intercropped in pepper and coffee gardens in Gia Lai Province.

The 73-year-old man lives in Ia Phin Commune, Chu Prong District, the Tay Nguyen (Central Highlands) province of Gia Lai. After getting seriously injured in 1979, he left his hometown of Thai Binh to settle in Gia Lai Province.

He began focusing on developing trees, especially pepper and coffee, that suited the Central Highlands' red basaltic soil, Tin Tức (News) online newspaper reported.

After many failures due to improper farming, in 2010, the wounded veteran went to Dak Lak Province to buy 1,000 macadamia seedlings to plant in his garden.

The macadamia trees grow well and he decided to plant another 1,000 trees.

His family now has about 8ha of macadamia trees intercropped with coffee, banana, cashew, đinh lăng (polyscias fruticosa) and pepper.

As a pioneer in planting macadamia trees in the province, Duong said: "Macadamia is a woody tree and can be over 15m high. It grows very well in this red basaltic soil and can be harvested for 40-60 years.

"I can intercrop other crops in the garden but not affect their growth."

Each year, he can harvest about 10 tonnes of nuts from 1,000 previously grown macadamia trees. He has also invested in peeling and drying machines, so the product is manufactured under a closed process.

The price of macadamia nut is at VND250 million (US$10,780) per tonne.

The retired soldier has signed contracts for his products with businesses in HCM City, earning VND2.5 billion ($107,700) per year.

The current shortage of irrigation water in the dry season and disease outbreaks in trees, especially pepper and coffee trees, have caused risks and affected the income of farmers in the province, according to the province’s Plant Cultivation and Protection Sub-department.

The sub-department has encouraged more farmers to intercrop other plants in their gardens to reduce risks and improve the efficiency of farmland, said Ha Ngoc Uyen, head of the Plant Cultivation and Protection Sub-department.

After many pepper and coffee trees died because of disease outbreaks and old age in recent years, many farmers in the province began intercropping short-term and long-term crops in their gardens.

The intercropping has helped farmers increase income as they waited for harvest of the main crops of coffee and pepper. It also reduced risk of losses when coffee and pepper prices fell, according to farmers.

"When the macadamia trees are young, I harvest pepper, coffee, cashew and bananas," Duong said.

Pham Huu Duong's macadamia garden has given jobs for dozens of local labourers. — VNA/VNS Photos Hong Diep

Duong's macadamia garden has also given jobs to dozens of local labourers, including veterans and elders in the region.

Seven workers are hired to fertilise the trees, prune, harvest, sort and dry the nuts.

In the harvest season of other crops, he has to hire about 10 more workers. Each worker can earn VND4.5-5 million per month.

"My family is getting better thanks to Duong. My wife and I work for his garden. The work is not hard and suitable for the elders," said Trinh Van Viet, a 55-year-old farmer from Ia Phin Commune.

With experience of growing macadamia for many years, Duong was invited to a recent conference on potential development of macadamia trees held by the provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Development in collaboration with the Vietnam Association of Macadamia to share his experience of macadamia cultivation.

According to Hoang Thi Ngat, deputy head of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Chu Prong District, Duong's garden became a typical farming model in Gia Lai Province with high productivity and efficiency.

His macadamia nuts is expected to be chosen as the product qualified for standards of One Commune-One Product (OCOP) programmes, according to Ngat.

Duong not only enriches himself, he often helps and supports members of Chu Prong District Veterans Association.

With funds of more than VND100 million per year, he lends its members without interest and encourages and guides members in business to gain high efficiency.

According to Duong, in order to develop sustainable agriculture, farmers should switch to organic farming, ensuring both health and safety for users as well as long-term economic efficiency.  VNS

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