A bag and cup made of eco-friendly and waterproof paper developed by Duyen and Thuy. Photo courtesy of Duyen

The paper is made of bagasse left over from the extraction of sugarcane juice and coated with a thin layer of chitosan, a natural product found in shrimp shell waste that helps to prevent leaking.
The paper is disposable, waterproof, affordable and safe for human health.
“Vietnamese people generally have little idea about environmental protection. In my neighbourhood, not many classify or recycle garbage at home, and people use way too many plastic bags. If our material is widely adopted, it will help to reduce the amount of plastic waste in the environment,” said Duyen.
“We can also make the best use of byproducts from factories,” she added.
The paper can be used to make items for daily use like single use cups, straws, bowls or decorative wallpaper.
It was the sight of abundant bagasse in sugarcane juice shops in her neighbourhood that made Duyen come up withthe idea of making the paper.
“As paper can dispose itself in a short time, it is more environmentally friendly compared to plastic but the paper industry destroys trees and also has adverse impact on the environment,” said Duyen.
The pulp and paper industries have been criticised for producing carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide, which are key contributors to acid rain.
The girls decided to collect the bagasse from sugarcane juice shops and shrimp shells from restaurants.

High school students Mai Cao Ky Duyen (left) and Ngo Thi Diem Thuy have successfully developed an eco-friendly waterproof paper that can be used to make cups, bags and decorative wallpaper.

The duo then learnt how to make paper from bagasse and produce chitosan from shrimp shells on the internet with support from their chemistry teacher Le Thi Thu Hong.
“We tested the antibacterial ability, the chemical reactions, the use of chemicals, calculating the concentration of substances, and did lots of experiments and failed many times,” she added.
After one year of research and experimenting, the duo produced their first successful batch of paper last August.
Since then they have produced paper every month and given it to their friends and families to “make people more environmentally conscious”.
It costs only VND15,000 (60 US cents) to produce one kilogramme of pulp.
The final product – a paper cup - costs VND250 (about US$1.1 for every 100 cups). It would be even cheaper if they were mass produced in a factory, said Duyen.
A normal paper cup of the same size is sold for VND2,000 each (about $8.6 for every 100 cups).
The low production cost and availability of raw material makes this a business with big potential.
“Sugarcane bagasse and shrimp shells are abundant, cheap, easy to find and safe for our health,” said Duyen.
Vietnam is home to around 40 sugar mills and uses an average of 20 million tonnes of sugarcane which yields about 7 million tonnes of bagasse every year.
Currently bagasse is used for the production of electricity or animal feed.
The demand for eco-friendly products is increasing rapidly due to growing pollution concerns. Many restaurants, hotels and coffee shops have turned to recyclable products like paper cups, paper and metal straws, or paper take-out containers as alternatives for plastic products.
A five-star hotel on Ly Thuong Kiet Street in Hanoi started using paper products in its café and bar lounge last Saturday.
Manager Nguyen Tuan Ngoc said their bar lounge used to use an average of 80 to 100 plastic straws and stirrers every day but they had started replacing them with paper products.
“Many hotels and restaurants around the world and in Vietnam have turned to eco-friendly products and our hotel wants to follow suit,” he added.
“This initiative not only helps us reduce the amount of plastic waste, which has a bad impact on our living environment, but also promotes the green image of our hotel,” he added.
“Some customers used to refuse plastic straws but now we have turned to paper alternatives, they like it and highly appreciate the idea,” he said.

VNS