These photos come from the book “Viet Nam Van Hoa Su Cuong” (History of Vietnam Culture).

This book, compiled and first published in 1938, is an attempt to resolve the conflict between the Vietnamese culture inherited from many generations and the Western culture that spread widely in the early 20th century. The publication has many illustrations compiled from magazines at that time.

Workers in the Cho Dien mine (Ban Thi commune, Cho Don district, Bac Kan province) in the early 20th century.
Mechanical product displayed at the Grand Palais (Hanoi exhibition center), in 1928.
A market street in Hue ancient capital city, illustrated in the journal 'L'Illustration' in 1883.
A corner of Dong Xuan market, Hanoi in the early 20th century.
A Buoi market-day in Hanoi, where people brought all kinds of goods, mainly agricultural products, to sell and exchange.

A woman buys jewelry at Chan Hung gold shop on Hang Bac Street in Hanoi Old Quarter. 
Playing human chess in Saigon. Human chess is a folk game often held on traditional festivals in Vietnam. This is a chess game that uses people instead of chess pieces to move on the chessboard.

Children in Hanoi buy lanterns during the Mid-Autumn Festival.
The scene of Nam Giao rituals of the Nguyen Dynasty. Nam Giao Altar is where the Nguyen kings held the annual spring festival. 
An exam in Nam Dinh in 1888.
An outdoor art class.
A calligrapher.
Carpenters carving wooden objects, and paintings by artist Thang Tran Phenh. Painter Thang Tran Phenh is considered one of the first artists who created the foundation for the modern "Vietnamese art house". 

Tinh Le