Vietnam and China have cooperated in natural disaster prevention, control, and mitigation as Typhoon Yagi scythed through a number of their cities and provinces, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Mao Ning said on September 13.

Speaking at a regular press conference of the ministry, Mao elaborated that the hydrometeorological station of Vietnam’s Lao Cai province has provided rainfall data for Hekou Yao autonomous county of China’s Yunnan province.

Meanwhile, the China Meteorological Administration urgently collected and provided hydrometeorological information in the China - Vietnam border area to the Vietnamese side to strongly support flood prevention and relief efforts by both countries, she continued.

The spokesperson described the cooperation as a vivid demonstration of Vietnam and China being friendly neighbours that support each other, saying it also holds importance to building a China - Vietnam community with a shared future that carries strategic significance./.

Party, State on people’s side in typhoon response, recovery efforts

Making landfall in Vietnam almost one week ago, super Typhoon Yagi has taken a heavy toll on the country, but the Party, State, armed forces, and people nationwide have been taking various strong and comprehensive measures to minimise consequences and aid recovery endeavours.

Facing serious impacts of the most-powerful-in-decades storm, leaders of the Party and State have come to flooding and landslide hotspots in the northern mountainous region to share the losses suffered by locals, offer encouragement to rescue forces, and give on-site directions to local authorities.

Visiting the flood-hit Truong Sinh commune of Son Duong district, Tuyen Quang province, Party General Secretary and State President To Lam enquired after evacuees in Phu Tho 1 hamlet. There, he extended deep condolences to the bereaved families and sent sympathies to people on the difficulties and losses they are encountering.

He underlined that in the time ahead, not only Tuyen Quang but also other northern provinces affected by the typhoon need to give the top priority to saving people while viewing the armed forces as the core for comprehensively and strongly implementing all measures, from prevention to rescue and relief delivery.

Keeping a close watch on the super typhoon’s progress, Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh continuously issued many dispatches and ordered ministries, sectors, agencies, and localities to focus on coping with Yagi early and from afar. He established delegations led by Deputy PMs to inspect and steer response activities in localities. He also decided to set up a frontline steering committee to give direct instructions.
 
On September 12, the Government leader visited Lang Nu hamlet in Phuc Khanh commune of Bao Yen district, Lao Cai province, where 37 households were buried under a landslide, leaving 95 dead and missing.

He ordered military, police, health, and other forces coordinate with local authorities to mobilise more personnel and equipment to search for the missing, treat the injured, and hold burial services for the dead.

PM Chinh asked Lao Cai province to zone land and provide accommodation assistance for people who were made homeless by the landslide, and complete the work by December 31 this year.

Shortly after wrapping up an official visit to Russia and chairing the opening of the National Assembly (NA) Standing Committee’s 37th session, NA Chairman Tran Thanh Man on September 12 visited Thai Nguyen province to examine aftermath settlement.

In Nga My commune – one of the areas hit hardest by flooding in Phu Binh district, he encouraged people to surmount difficulties and join hands with the local administration and forces to deal with storm and flood consequences.

Implementing the directions by the Politburo, the Party General Secretary and State President, the Government, and the PM, the public security force has become a source of support for people.

More than 150,000 police personnel and tens of thousands of equipment have been deployed to assist with storm response, search, rescue, and aftermath settlement. In particular, three officers died while many others sustained injuries, lost their beloved, or saw property damage while performing duties.

To cope with Typhoon Yagi, the military deployed hundreds of thousands of officers and soldiers, including regular soldiers, militia, and reservists, together with more than 10,100 vehicles of all types, including over 400 special vehicles, thousands of automobiles and vessels, along with six helicopters.

Military Regions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 and the Hanoi Capital Command supported locals to reinforce their houses and evacuate from dangerous areas. The Border Guard High Command ordered the commands in coastal localities from northern Quang Ninh to central Binh Dinh provinces to tighten management over vessels operating at sea, give safety guidance to them, and deal with possible circumstances in a timely manner.

At a ceremony held on September 10 to call for donations to typhoon victims, President of the Vietnam Fatherland Front (VFF) Central Committee Do Van Chien said that in these trying times, Party committees, administrations, and VFF committees at all levels have mobilised thousands of military and police personnel, youth union members, and local residents for helping with evacuation, rescue, and life and asset protection. Some officers and soldiers of the armed forces have even laid down their lives while fulfilling their tasks.

Responding to the appeals by Party General Secretary and State President To Lam and the Presidium of the VFF Central Committee, in just a short period of time, a large number of businesses, organisations, individuals, and localities nationwide have registered donations to storm victims.

As of 5pm on September 13, as much as 775.5 billion VND (nearly 31.6 million USD) was sent to the bank account of the central relief mobilisation committee./.

PM orders sufficient essential supplies after typhoon, foreign partners commit aid

Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh has signed an official dispatch, ordering sufficient essential supplies for localities suffering severe damage from Typhoon Yagi and its subsequent landslides and floods.

Accordingly, chairpersons of People’s Committees of cities and provinces are required to direct competent authorities to provide food, medicine and other essential items for affected households, particularly those in areas that are isolated and hard to reach.

Market management and supervision over the distribution of essential goods like food, fuels, and other necessities must be enhanced to ensure that there are no hoarding and unreasonable price hikes. Strict punishment must be meted out to any violations, according to the dispatch.

PM Chinh also orders immediate repair of houses, schools and hospitals damaged by the typhoon, clearance of fallen trees, quick resumption of the supply of electricity, clean water and telecommunications services, among others, to ensure the continuity of production and business activities, and implementation of disease prevention measures after the storm.

The Minister of Industry and Trade is tasked with directing competent agencies to keep a close watch on the market developments, ensure market stability and smooth circulation of goods, and handle unusual fluctuations of prices and supply and demand of essential goods in a timely manner.

The Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development is asked to work to reduce damage for agricultural production, save inundated crops, and provide farmers with seedlings, breeding animals, and agricultural materials for production recovery.

The Minister of Finance is ordered to direct the General Department of State Reserves to coordinate with relevant ministries and agencies to assess the situations and needs of affected localities to propose the allocation of food, equipment, disinfectants for them to competent authorities.

Meanwhile, the Minister of Information and Communications must work closely with the Ministries of Industry and Trade, Finance, and Agriculture and Rural Development, Vietnam News Agency, Vietnam Television and Voice of Vietnam to raise public awareness of the domestic market developments.

Deputy Prime Ministers Bui Thanh Son, Le Thanh Long and Ho Duc Phoc are responsible for the implementation of the dispatch.

On September 13, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) handed 700 gender- and disability-sensitive household kits to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) to support communities in the northern mountainous province of Yen Bai, which has been severely affected by Typhoon Yagi. This initial donation is part of UNDP’s ongoing efforts to assist the government and people to recover from the most powerful typhoon hitting the nation in three decades.

The kits contain items thoroughly selected to alleviate the hardships faced by the most vulnerable population in Yen Bai, responding to the specific needs of affected communities who lost their belongings and providing them with immediate relief in the early stages of response. These kits include water buckets, rain boots for adults and children, blankets, medicine, sanitary pads, whistles, and other essential supplies.

UNDP Resident Representative Ramla Khalidi extended her deepest condolences to the Government of Vietnam and all those affected by the devastation caused by Typhoon Yagi. She acknowledged the profound loss and suffering that the typhoon has inflicted upon communities across the northern mountainous region and the Red River Delta, praising the spirit of unity and solidarity displayed by the nation as it faced the typhoon.

She said UNDP stands ready to support Vietnam in undertaking intersectoral needs assessment, emergency relief, as well as early recovery planning, and long-term resilience building.

Meanwhile, Swiss Ambassador to Vietnam Thomas Gass extended his sympathy to Vietnam over the damage caused by the typhoon, while committing to assisting the nation’s recovery efforts at a meeting with the MARD’s Vietnam Disaster and Dyke Management Authority in Hanoi on September 14.

Accordingly, eight Swiss experts in the areas of clean water, hygiene, and safe house will go to Yen Bai, one of the localities hard hit by the typhoon, to study the province’s situation and put forth appropriate reconstruction measures.

The European country also sent relief supplies, which will arrive in Vietnam on September 16./.

Asia-Pacific forum for young Francophones wraps up

The Asia – Pacific forum for young Francophones concluded in Hanoi on September 13.

The three-day event was organised by the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union (HCMYU)’s Central Committee in collaboration with the National Committee on Youth of Vietnam, and the Asia – Pacific Regional Office of the International Organisation of La Francophonie.

Some 80 participants from Vietnam and countries across the globe attended the forum to discuss and share their experience, as well as propose initiatives to handle urgent issues towards building a sustainable community of young Francophones.

Discussions and activities on the sidelines of the forum offered the participants the opportunities to acquire knowledge in the areas of environment, sustainable development, startup and innovation, digital technology and IT, helping them create more practical values for their community.

Secretary of the HCMYU’s Central Committee, and Chairman of the Vietnam Students’ Association Nguyen Minh Triet said one of the notable successes of the forum was the connection among the youths from different countries, expressing his belief that partnerships set up within the framework of the forum will contribute to the development of the Francophone community.

He added that the participants’ initiatives and projects put forth at the event will help develop a community of young Francophones with solidarity, creativity and sustainability./.

Overseas Vietnamese join hands to help typhoon victims

Vietnamese in many countries around the world continue to make donations to support typhoon victims in the homeland, in response to the appeal of the Vietnam Fatherland Front.

The Vietnamese Embassy in Russia launched a donation campaign on September 13, raising more than 30,000 USD in just a few hours.

In Cambodia, the Vietnamese embassy has received nearly 40,000 USD contributed by organisations and individuals following the launch of the donation campaign on September 13.

Meanwhile, the Vietnamese Consulate General in Fukuoka, Japan, reported that Vietnamese organisations and individuals in Japan contributed around 850 million VND (over 34,600 USD) right at the ceremony to launch the donation campaign.

The campaign to raise funds to support typhoon victims in Vietnam will continue in the coming days.

The number of dead and missing victims due to Typhoon Yagi and subsequent flooding rose to 345 as of 8am September 14, including 262 fatalities./.

Efforts underway to restore power supply to Typhoon Yagi impacted regions

Up to 1,499 out of 1,678 medium-voltage power lines affected by Typhoon Yagi had been restored to operation as of September 13 morning, said state-run Vietnam Electricity (EVN).

The group said as of September 12 morning, electricity supply had been restored for nearly 5.63 million out of approximately 6.1 million affected customers, and that efforts are underway to resume the supply for the remainder.

Joining the effort, EVN Central Power Corporation has decided to send 273 skilled engineers and workers to the northern province of Quang Ninh, one of the localities hardest stricken by the storm.

Yagi, one of the strongest to hit Vietnam in decades, triggered heavy rains and floods in 17 northern localities, causing widespread power outages.

Currently, hydropower reservoirs in the North are opening spillway gates to regulate water flow under the direction of the National Steering Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Control and local committees assigned with the task.

Almost all of the incidents on 500kV, 220kV, and 110kV power lines, and substations have also been handled, EVN noted./.

French President affirms solidarity with Vietnam in face of Typhoon Yagi

French President Emmanuel Macron has affirmed France’s solidarity with Vietnam as Typhoon Yagi battered the Southeast Asian nation over the past days.

“I would like to express France’s solidarity with Vietnam after the devastation of typhoon Yagi, which has claimed the lives of hundreds of people and caused severe damage. We stand ready to provide support,” the President wrote on Twitter, now X, on September 12.

Many newspapers in France also reported on human and property losses in Vietnam following the storm, one of the strongest to hit the country in decades.

The same day, the Vietnamese Embassy in Poland launched fundraising for those affected by Yagi at home, helping them overcome difficulties to soon stabilise their lives.
 
Ambassador Ha Hoang Hai said its staff raised 50 million VND (2,037 USD) that will be delivered to storm-hit victims through competent agencies.

At a working session with representatives of the Vietnamese Association in Poland on the day, he called on Vietnamese organisations, collectives, and individuals in the country to join the effort.

According to the Vietnam Disaster and Dyke Management Authority under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, as of 7:00 am on September 13, Yagi and its aftermath left 233 dead and 103 others missing./.

Top leader sends Mid-Autumn Festival wishes to children

In a letter sent on September 13, Party General Secretary and President To Lam extended his warmest wishes to Vietnamese children, both at home and abroad, and foreign children residing in Vietnam, ahead of the upcoming Mid-Autumn Festival.

His message, filled with hope and encouragement, came at a time when many families are grappling with the recent typhoon's devastating aftermath.

Lam wished that each Mid-Autumn Festival would bring greater joy, abundance and meaning to children, both materially and spiritually, thanks to the care of their families, schools and the entire society.

He encouraged them to remain well-behaved, healthy, diligent and ambitious, follow the five teachings of President Ho Chi Minh, and strive to be excellent students and exemplary children who bring pride to their families and the nation.

However, this year's festival is overshadowed by the severe consequences of natural disasters to many families, villages and communities. Tragically, some children have lost their lives, while others have lost their loved ones and homes, enduring particularly difficult circumstances.

He extended his deepest condolences to the families affected by these tragedies, and expressed his hope that everyone would find the courage to overcome their grief and loss.

He advised children in flood and storm-hit areas to prioritise safety during their studies and playtime. They should avoid dangerous areas, refrain from playing near rivers, streams or ponds, and always heed the advice of their parents and teachers to protect themselves and their friends.

In closing, he extended his love and hope to all the children.

The Mid-Autumn Festival or Full-moon Festival is a festive occasion for children. It is held annually on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month every year. This year, the festival falls on September 17./.

Bac Giang focusing on developing mountainous, ethnic minority-inhabited areas

The northern province of Bac Giang will keep focusing on effectively implementing projects, programmes, and policies to boost the development of mountainous and ethnic minority-inhabited areas, according to deputy head of the provincial Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs Truong Van Bao.

The official said that from now to 2026, the province aims to reduce the household poverty rate in mountainous and ethnic minority-inhabited communes by an annual average of 2.5%, and 3% in particularly disadvantaged communes, while striving to bring two communes out of the list of particularly disadvantaged ones.

In the 2024-2026 period, the locality prioritises resources for infrastructure development while speeding up poverty reduction activities, forming exclusive areas for producing valuable goods, fundamentally solving the shortage of dwelling and production land, and dealing with resettlement and water-related issues in mountainous and ethnic minority-inhabited areas.

In addition, he noted, the province is paying more attention to education, training, and health care, and environmental protection. It will also increase investment attraction and support businesses to conduct vocational training and create on-site jobs for ethnic minority people.

Bac Giang will assist 252 households in building houses, help 1,334 others in changing livelihoods, build six concentrated clean water supply works, and complete 30km of roads to communes' centres and those linking different communes, the official said.

The province will construct and upgrade two markets and three communal healthcare stations, invest in 91 essential facilities in particularly disadvantaged communes and villages, improve infrastructure and equipment for 12 schools, and invest in the construction, renovation, and upgrade of seven boarding and semi-boarding schools.

Besides, it will support the development of four typical tourist destinations, preserve two outstanding traditional villages of ethnic minorities, and build 10 cultural and sports facilities in mountainous and ethnic minority-inhabited regions, according to the official.

Under the national target programme on socio-economic development in ethnic minority and mountainous regions in the 2024-2026 period, Bac Giang will carry out 10 component projects, including those on addressing the shortage of housing, dwelling land, farmland and clean water; planning, arranging, and stabilising residential areas where necessary, developing sustainable agriculture and forestry; and leveraging the potential and strengths of local areas to produce goods following value chains.

The province will invest in essential infrastructure to support production and better living conditions in ethnic minority-inhabited and mountainous areas, and pay more attention to education and training to improve human resources quality. It will also preserve and promote the traditional cultural values of ethnic minorities in connection with tourism development, enhance public health services, improve the physical health and stature of ethnic minority people, and prevent child malnutrition.

Bao said in order to complete all the targets, Bac Giang will mobilise all investment sources for socio-economic infrastructure development in those areas.

In 2024, the national target programme on socio-economic development in ethnic minority-inhabited and mountainous areas in Bac Giang is provided with total funding of 586 billion VND (23.85 million USD) for 10 component projects. As of May 31, 114 billion VND had been disbursed./.

Event promotes Vietnam-Thailand educational cooperation

An event entitled "Study in Thailand Business Matching & Expo" was held by the Thai Trade Centre in Ho Chi Minh City on September 13, aiming at fostering cooperation between the two nations in human resources training for socio-economic sectors.

Participating universities of Thailand such as Southeast Bangkok University, Sripatum University, Bangkok University, North Chiang Mai University, University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce, Siam University, Raffle International College Bangkok, Mahanakorn University of Technology, and Dhurakij Pundit University hosted exchange activities with their Vietnamese peers, and brought useful information helping Vietnamese students choose a suitable education environment.

The event also offered parents and high school students an insight into the private university system in Thailand, as well as a view of Thai enterprises and Vietnam’s labour demand.

At the opening ceremony, Thai Consul General Wiraka Moodhitaporn said the two countries stand ready to bring their enhanced strategic partnership to a comprehensive strategic partnership, with education being one of the focuses and becoming an important part of human resources training that benefits the business communities of the two nations.

Thailand hopes that more Vietnamese students will come to Thailand to study and improve skills in order to have better competitive edge in an increasingly demanding labour market, he added./.

New Zealand lawmaker of Vietnamese origin contributes to promoting bilateral relations

Pham Thi Ngoc Lan, the first Vietnamese-origin lawmaker in the New Zealand Parliament, said she is proud to represent the Vietnamese community in New Zealand in the legislative body as it demonstrates how the Vietnamese community can contribute to this Oceanian nation’s development.

In a recent interview with Vietnam News Agency, Lan, whose father is Vietnamese and mother New Zealander, said the Vietnamese community in NZ is always proud of their culture and strives to preserve and maintain the use of Vietnamese language, especially among young people.

She has had the opportunity to come to Vietnam twice, where she witnessed the breathtaking natural landscapes and experienced the unique cultural identities of the country.

As a Vietnamese-origin lawmaker in the 54th NZ Parliament, she said she hopes to contribute to strengthening the Vietnam–New Zealand relationship.

Lan was elected to the parliament in October 2023. Earlier, she pursued a career in science and was known for her active involvement in environmental protection. She said she will strive to contribute to initiatives related to environmental protection and climate change adaptation.

Regarding the relationship between Vietnam and New Zealand, Lan stated that the two countries share a strong, solid, and truly positive relationship at all levels, whether institutional, governmental, or even community levels. This relationship has been sustained for a long time and will grow stronger in the future.

She cited the visit by Vietnamese Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chinh to New Zealand in March, as well as the on-going visit of NA Vice Chairwoman Nguyen Thi Thanh to the country as the clearest evidence of how important the relationship between New Zealand and Vietnam is.

Lan vowed to do her utmost to contribute to deepening the Vietnam–New Zealand relationship, expressing her belief that the bilateral relations will continue to fruitfully develop in the future./.

Vietnam Fatherland Front warns of charity scams following Typhoon Yagi

Various websites and donation fanpages, purporting to be the Central Relief Mobilisation Committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front (VFF), have popped up after Typhoon Yagi, preying on people who want to help disaster-hit victims, and diverting donations for natural disaster-hit victims to accounts held by fraudsters, the VFF Central Committee said on September 13.

To date, many organisations and individuals have sent donations to those websites. In response to the solicitation of support, the VFF Central Committee will work with competent authorities to handle the issue in accordance with legal regulations.

It recommended organisations, enterprises, organisations and individuals contact the VFF Central Committee or its chapters across 63 cities and provinces to obtain accurate information and bank account details before making donations.

Donations can be sent to the following official accounts of the committee:

I. VND account at the State Treasury

Account name: The Office of the Vietnam Fatherland Front Central Committee
Account number: 3713.0.1058784.00000
Unit code: 1058784
At the State Treasury Exchange

II. Bank accounts

1. Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade (VietinBank)

1.1. VND account

Account name: Central Relief Mobilisation Committee
Account number: CT1111
At VietinBank’s Hanoi branch

1.2. USD account

Account name: Central Relief Mobilisation Committee
Account number: 110630051111
At VietinBank’s Hanoi branch

2. Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam (Vietcombank)

2.1. VND account

Account name: Vietnam Fatherland Front - Central Relief Committee
Account number: 0011.00.1932418

2.2. USD account

Account name: Vietnam Fatherland Front - Central Relief
Account number: 001.1.37.193253.8
SW Code: BFTVVNVX

Cash donations can be sent to the Planning and Finance Department (Rooms 109 and 111), the Office of the Vietnam Fatherland Front Central Committee, No.46 Trang Thi Street, Hanoi.

Typhoon Yagi, the most powerful to strike Vietnam in the past three decades, has caused devastation across the northern region. According to the Vietnam Disaster and Dyke Management Authority (VDDMA) under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Yagi and subsequent flooding claimed 233 lives and left 103 others missing and 823 injured as of 7am on September 13./.

Overseas Vietnamese worldwide raise funds for flood victims in Vietnam

In response to the appeal of Party General Secretary and President To Lam, and the Presidium of the Vietnam Fatherland Front (VFF) Central Committee, Vietnamese embassies and communities in Malaysia, South Africa, Germany, Algeria, and Hungary have launched donation drives to raise funds for people in difficult circumstances and those being affected by Typhoon Yagi in the homeland.

After the launching ceremony in Malaysia on September 12, the Vietnamese Embassy collected over 33 million VND (nearly 1,350 USD).

The Malaysia-Vietnam Friendship Association and liaison committees of Vietnamese in the country have published the embassy's call for support on their fanpages. The donation campaign will last until September 21.

In Germany, Vietnamese expats donated nearly 25,500 EUR (nearly 28,280 USD) within the day the donation campaign was launched (September 11), according to the Vietnamese Embassy in Germany.

Many associations across Germany are continuing to carry out fund-raising activities to support flood victims in the homeland.

Meanwhile, the total amount of money donated to flood victims at launching programmes for donations in Algeria and Hungary was nearly 40 million VND (about 1,630 USD).

Donation activities will continue in the coming days. The donations will be sent to the homeland as soon as possible to promptly deliver to people in flood-affected areas.

Practical spiritual and material assistance is expected to ease pain and loss of flood victims, helping them quickly restore production and stabilise their lives./.

Son La, 7 Lao provinces exchange education-training experiences

The Education and Training Department of the northwestern province of Son La on September 12 held a seminar on measures to improve the sector’s quality with the education and sports departments from seven Lao provinces.

As heard at the event, Son La is home to 610 kindergartens, general schools, and continuing education centres, offering education to more than 375,000 students. Since 2001, the province has trained close to 2,300 Lao students, who have graduated with qualifications ranging from college and university degrees to master's degrees. Additionally, 3,939 Lao students have received Vietnamese language training there.

Participating Lao provinces consisted of Houaphanh, Luang Prabang, Oudomxay, Phongsaly, Xieng Khouang, Xayaburi, and Bokeo.

Their representatives expressed a wish for continued support for Lao students from the Son La department in areas such as Vietnamese language training, undergraduate and graduate education, and training in the use of educational equipment and laboratory tools.

They proposed Son La share its experiences in addressing work-induced high school dropout rates, improving teacher quality and educational policies, promoting preschool education for five-year-old children, and eradicating illiteracy.

The provincial department said it will report these requests to Son La authorities to strengthen cooperation, discussions, and mutual support with the Lao provinces.

Xi Von Pheng Mixay, Deputy Director of the Oudomxay Department of Education and Sports, stated that the Lao delegates had learned many valuable lessons from Son La, expected to help boost the development of education and training in these northern provinces toward efficiency and effectiveness in the time to come./.

Nhan Dan Newspaper opens pavilion at 2024 L’Humanité festival

Nhan Dan (People) Newspaper opened its pavilion at the annual Fête de l'Humanité, an annual festival of French newspaper L’Humanité, in Plessis-Pâté, Essonne province, on September 12.

The event was attended by Phan Van Hung, Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Nhan Dan Newspaper, Vietnamese Ambassador to France Dinh Toan Thang, and Ambassador Nguyen Thi Van Anh, Permanent Representative of Vietnam to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).

Under the theme "“Vietnam: A Peaceful, Dynamic, Safe, and Friendly Nation”, the booth showcased images and materials about the late President Ho Chi Minh and a peaceful, dynamic, safe and friendly Vietnam.

Speaking at the opening ceremony, Hung expressed the newspaper's honor in participating in the festival, describing it as an occasion to demonstrate the traditional and close ties between the Communist Parties of Vietnam (CPV) and the French Communist Party (PCF).

Vincent Boulet, Head of the PCF's Committee on Foreign Affairs, emphasised the significance of Nhan Dan Newspaper’s presence at the festival as a symbol of friendship between the two Parties and nations.   

He also expressed his sympathy with Vietnam over losses caused by typhoon Yagi and subsequent floods, saying that the PCF is mobilising support for Vietnamese communities affected by the super storm.

Thang praised the strong solidarity between the two nations, particularly during trying times.

The L’Humanité festival is an annual event that promotes international solidarity, peace, and social progress, attracting a wide range of participants, especially youths and global friends of the PCF./.

Ha Long city welcoming tourists back

Ha Long Bay in the northern province of Quang Ninh, one of the localities hardest hit by Typhoon Yagi, officially resumed normal operation of tourist boats on September 13, nearly a week after being ravaged by the typhoon.

Tourism activities have gradually returned to normal in Ha Long thanks to efforts by the local authorities and residents during a 7-day campaign to address the aftermaths of the typhoon. With the spirit of cooperation and unity, local residents and functional forces have proactively cleaned up the environment and beautified the urban area.

Tourist boats have been maintained and repaired to ensure safety standards for restoring operations as soon as possible.

Nearly all the 80 vessels of this kind are ready to welcome guests again starting September 13. Tourism service businesses in Ha Long city also focus on preparing infrastructure and personnel conditions to welcome tourists back.

After the super storm, many groups have chosen Ha Long as their destination, especially international tourists. The Ha Long international passenger port reopened to welcome international visitors to the bay from September 10. It received over 70 vessels with more than 1,500 tourists from China and the Republic of Korea (RoK). However, to ensure absolute safety for tourism activities on the bay, tourist pick-up activities at the port were temporarily suspended to conduct safety inspections.

Nguyen Thai Hung, General Director of the Saigon – Ha Long Hotel, said the establishment has promptly implemented all necessary measures to meet safety requirements for tourists.

Ha Long aims to attract over 9.5 million visitors in 2024./.

World University Service Germany offers water filter to Vietnamese typhoon victims

In a show of solidarity with Typhoon Yagi victims in northern Vietnam, Dr. Kambiz Ghawami, Chairman of the World University Service (WUS) Germany, presented a water filter to Politburo member and Chairman of the Central Theoretical Council Nguyen Xuan Thang on September 12 as the Vietnamese official was leaving for Vietnam after a working visit.

The gift, a Portable Aqua Unit for Live Saving (PAUL), will be transported free of charge to Vietnam by national flag carrier Vietnam Airlines on September 13, accompanying Thang and his delegation returning from the 9th dialogue between the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

As flood-stricken areas grapple with severe drinking water shortage, the PAUL device offers a lifeline. Each unit can filter about 1,200 litres of water daily, meeting the needs of at least 400 people based on an average daily requirement of 3 litres per person.

The WUS, with financial support from several German states and individual donations from students, parents and companies, has so far supplied a total of 392 PAUL water filtration units to Vietnam, benefiting nearly 1.6 million residents every day.

Invented by Prof. Franz-Bernd Frechen from the University of Kassel in Hessen, Germany, the PAUL unit employs a membrane filtration system that conserves resources by requiring no chemicals, electricity or specialised operators. This makes it an ideal solution for disaster-hit regions, offering immediate and sustainable aid.

According to the Vietnam Disaster and Dyke Management Authority (VDDMA) under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Yagi and subsequent flooding claimed 233 lives and left 103 others missing and 823 injured as of 7am on September 13./.

Vietnamese embassy in China raises fund for flood victims in homeland

The Vietnamese Embassy in China on September 13 held a donation drive to raise fund for people affected by Typhoon Yagi in the homeland.

The event saw the participation from embassy staff, representatives of Vietnamese agencies in Beijing and the local Vietnamese community.

Ambassador Pham Sao Mai briefed participants on the severe damage caused by the typhoon and subsequent floods and landslides in northern localities in Vietnam, stressing the urgent need for assistance.

He called on the Vietnamese community in China to join in providing support, following the call from Party General Secretary and State President To Lam, and other national leaders.

Even prior to the official launch, members of the overseas Vietnamese and students in China had sent donations to the embassy.

Additionally, the embassy has been coordinating with Chinese authorities to monitor the water flow in border rivers, aiming to reduce flood damage in northern Vietnam. It will continue to work closely with relevant agencies to mitigate the impact of the disaster./.

Digital library space on southern region inaugurated

The Nguyen An Ninh Digital Library Space was inaugurated on September 14 at the Ho Chi Minh City Book Street, allowing readers to learn more about the history, culture and people of Vietnam’s southern region. 

Quach Thu Nguyet, chairwoman of the Board of Management of the Hoa Sen Fund, said the space will serve as a digital data centre, including documents and materials related to the southern region.

The library will not only help people in the country, but also overseas Vietnamese and young generations to gain more insights into the history, geography, and culture of the southern region, she added.

Furthermore, this will also be an ideal place for readers to share, exchange, and learn through various forms in order to inspire and arouse the spirit of education, as well as dedication to learning and research. The experience space will also host an exhibition taking place from September 14 to September 23.

PM Chinh chairs Government’s monthly law-making session

Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh chaired a monthly law-making session of the Government on September 14 to continue fine-tuning the legal framework, dealing with limitations and solving obstacles to facilitate development.

Opening the session, the Government chief extended his deep sympathy and condolences to the families of the victims, especially those who lost loved ones or sacrificed their lives in Typhoon Yagi and subsequent floods. He hailed the efforts of the local party committees, authorities and armed forces, and people nationwide in coping with the typhoon and flooding, and highlighted numerous acts of solidarity that reflect national unity and brotherhood during these difficult times.

Chinh emphasized that building and perfecting institutional frameworks is the most important breakthrough and the driving force and resource for development. In this context, promptly addressing difficulties, obstacles, and institutional bottlenecks, as well as tapping into all potential and unlocking all resources for socio-economic development is the top priority of the Government and the Prime Minister in leadership, direction, and management, he said.

He stated that the September law-making session, the ninth in 2024, will consider and give opinions on the approval of five draft laws and proposals, including the draft Law on Public Investment (amended); the draft Law on amendments and supplements to some articles of the Law on Planning, Law on Investment, Law on Public-Private Partnership Investment, and Law on Bidding; the draft Law on amendments and supplements to some articles of the Law on State Budget, Law on Management and Use of Public Assets, Law on National Reserves, Law on Accounting, Law on Independent Auditing, Law on Securities, and Law on Tax Administration; and the proposals on building the Law on Journalism (amended) and the Law on Promulgation of Legal Documents (revised).

The Government leader also laid stress on the necessity of amending and supplementing these five laws. 

There is a huge volume of work that needs to be done, PM Chinh said, and asked ministers and heads of ministerial-level agencies to provide straightforward ideas, and focus on discussing important issues and those with different opinions to ensure the progress and quality of the session.

HCM City delivers relief supplies to disaster hit people in northern localities

A convoy of trucks set off for northern localities from Ho Chi Minh City on September 13, bringing emergency relief supplies to people affected by typhoon Yagi and subsequent landslides and flash floods    
Loading relief supplies onto a truck for distribution to flood victims in northern localities.

The trucks were carrying more than 30 tonnes of various relief supplies, including drinking water, milk, noodles, supplements, life jackets, and rice. Additionally, ambulances and cranes carrying were also on the way to flood-hit localities in the north.

This is the largest-scale relief effort ever conducted by the Ho Chi Minh City Fatherland Front Committee, said Nguyen Thanh Trung, vice chairman of the committee.

Ho Chi Minh City will continue to organize additional relief missions to meet the essential needs of the affected residents, helping them quickly recover and restore their lives, he added.

Besides relief missions run by the authorities, many volunteer groups are also joining in to assist with relief efforts.

Duy Dang, head of the BDS volunteer group, said the group has prepared medical supplies, and all members have been provided with basic rescue skills to effectively handle any situation.

“Our trip is expected to last for 1 or two months normalcy is restored and roads are cleared for people to travel,” said Dang.

A team of young doctors and medical staff has also set out to provide medical care and treatment to flood victims.

“We have organized around 20 teams with nearly 1,000 young people from the city, including experts, medical professionals, and volunteer students. These teams will be deployed to the areas affected by the typhoon and floods,” said Le Hoang Minh, director of the Ho Chi Minh City Center for Youth and Worker Support.

PM receives ASEAN BAC leaders in Hanoi

Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh on September 13 met with a delegation of ASEAN Business Advisory Council (ASEAN BAC) led by Oudet Souvannavong, the Chair of ASEAN BAC for 2024.

Vietnamese Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh receives ASEAN Business Advisory Council (ASEAN BAC) leaders in Hanoi on September 13.

Souvannavong and heads of ASEAN BAC countries extended their condolences to Vietnam over huge human and property losses caused by typhoon Yagi and subsequent landslides and flash floods.

Souvannavong stated that ASEAN BAC has been working to promote trade, investment, and integration within ASEAN and with its partners, with a primary focus on cooperation in digital transformation, green and sustainable development, and self-reliance in health and food security.

Efforts are being made to strengthen supply chains among Mekong countries and the greater Mekong sub-region, including Laos and Vietnam, as well as to enhance cooperation in finance, infrastructure, and digital transformation, he said.

He revealed that at the end of this year, ASEAN BAC will organize the ASEAN Business and Investment Summit (ASEAN BIS) in Vientiane, Laos. He expected that the Vietnamese Government would support and contribute significantly to the success of the Summit.

Chinh for his part expressed his gratitude to ASEAN BAC chairpersons for their sympathy and support in helping Vietnam address the aftermath. He affirmed that Vietnam will continue to support Laos in successfully hosting the ASEAN Summits 44-45 and related meetings, contributing to building a more united and prosperous ASEAN Community.

The PM congratulated the success of the 101st ASEAN BAC meeting recently held in Hanoi and the recommendations outlined in the report on ASEAN BAC’s 2024 agenda. He expressed hope that the Council’s priority areas will significantly advance the process of innovation, institutional and policy improvement, trade and investment facilitation, digital transformation, and sustainable and inclusive development in ASEAN, particularly with new growth drivers.

This will help businesses overcome challenges and seize opportunities for development, he said.

In the context of global challenges such as the prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical conflicts, strategic competition, and non-traditional security challenges like climate change, natural disasters, pandemics, aging populations, and resource depletion, Chinh stated that ASEAN has demonstrated resilience, adaptability, and proactive measures to maintain growth and continue to play a crucial role in the global supply chain.

The ASEAN economy continues to show steady and positive progress, with an estimated growth rate of 4.6% in 2024, which is a bright spot in the global economic landscape, he stressed.

He highly appreciated the business community’s role in sustaining such growth, affirming ASEAN governments regard businesses as the backbone of the ASEAN economy and a foundation for long-term and sustainable economic growth in the region.

With a facilitative role, ASEAN governments consistently support and create the best possible conditions for businesses and entrepreneurs to develop, based on shared visions, healthy competition, and principles of “harmonized interests, risk sharing” and win-win results.

Welcoming the ASEAN BAC Chairpersons’ call for ASEAN to prioritize policies that support ASEAN businesses in investing and operating within ASEAN countries, he proposed that ASEAN BAC work with governments and people of ASEAN countries to implement five key areas of collaboration. These areas include formulating institutions and policies; supporting economic connectivity, especially in infrastructure; mobilizing resources, revitalizing traditional growth drivers, and fostering new growth drivers in digital economy, green economy, and knowledge economy; developing high-quality human resources, especially in areas such as digital transformation, green transition, and high technology; and supporting the creation and management of smart, modern, and innovative businesses.

The PM expressed his belief that businesses will innovate their thinking and methods, mobilize resources for collective development, and aspire to build an ASEAN that is united and cohesive in its diversity. He urged ASEAN BAC members to continue to play a pioneering role, making ASEAN a top destination for investors and contributing to the region’s rapid and sustainable development.

He said he will attend the ASEAN Business and Investment Summit to be held in Vientiane later this year.

WHO provides one million water purification tablets to flood victims in Vietnam

The World Health Organization (WHO) unveiled on September 13 that the organisation has urgently transported one million water purification tablets to Vietnam in an effort to protect the health of hundreds of thousands of people in northern regions following widespread destruction caused by typhoon Yagi.

Representatives of Ministry of Health receive one million water purification tablets for flood victims from WHO
Dr. Angela Pratt, a representative of the WHO in Vietnam, expressed her deep sorrow following the impact of the typhoon, noting that the death toll is expected to rise and that numerous residents remain at risk due to landslides and flashfloods.

She emphasised that WHO has urgently delivered one million water purification tablets and 500 water containers to the Ministry of Health for distribution to localities hardest hit by typhoon Yagi, as part of the organisation’s support in response to the Government’s appeal.

The donation is expected to provide approximately 15 million litres of purified water and ensure safe drinking water for several weeks to households and health facilities throughout typhoon-hit localities such as Bac Giang, Cao Bang, Dien Bien, Lai Chau, Lao Cai, Phu Tho, Thai Nguyen, and Yen Bai.

She underscored the importance of clean water in preventing food and water-borne diseases in order to ensure that health facilities operate safely. She affirmed that WHO is working closely with the Vietnamese Government and is fully committed to providing continued support to the country’s recovery efforts in the aftermath of the typhoon.

Vietnamese martial artists bring home medals from Asian tournament

Vietnam bagged one silver and two bronze medals on September 12, the first competition day of the 10th Asian Wushu Championships 2024 which is getting underway in Macao (China).

Vu Van Tuan claimed one silver medal in taolu (performance) after scoring a total of 9,693 points. This is the first medal he has clinched in the Asian tournament.

Xiaobin Gao of China took a gold medal with 9,806 points and Zi Meng Ong of Singapore obtained a bronze medal with 9,690 points.

Two bronze medals went to Nong Van Huu and Nguyen Van Sy, both in sanda (combat), after the pair each recorded a score of 9,690 points.

The 10th Asian Wushu Championships 2024 began on September 12 and is scheduled to run through to September 16.

Vietnam sent 12 martial artists to the tournament. They are competing in both taolu (performance) and sanda (combat) categories. In terms of combat, men will fight in the 48kg to 90kg category, while women will vie in weight classes from 48kg to 75kg.

Vietnam aims to win gold medals in both taolu and sanda at the championships.

Vietnam and Thailand ramp up cooperation in training skilled workforce

The Thai Trade Office in Ho Chi Minh City hosted a programme titled “Study in Thailand Business Matching & Expo” on September 13 in an effort to step up education cooperation through training skilled human resources to achieve socio-economic development goals. 

The event attracted the participation of several well-known universities from Thailand, including Southeast Bangkok University, Sripatum University, Bangkok University, North Chiang Mai University, the University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce, Siam University, Raffle International College Bangkok, Mahanakorn University of Technology, and Dhurakij Pundit University.

Addressing the event, Dr. Somsak Rungruang, former president of the Association of Private Higher Education Institutions of Thailand, emphasised the need to promote collaboration between domestic and foreign higher education institutions to develop a skilled workforce for the labour market and relevant businesses.

The event has also created favourable conditions for Vietnamese students to obtain scholarships at Thai universities and colleges, he added.

For her part, Wiraka Moodhitaporn, the consul general of Thailand in Ho Chi Minh City, stressed that both Thailand and Vietnam stand ready to elevate the enhanced strategic partnership to a comprehensive strategic partnership, and that education plays a crucial role in training human resources and bringing about benefits to the business communities of the two countries.

She went on to express her hope that more Vietnamese students will consider Thailand to be a destination for studying abroad and improving their skills in a bid to meet the rising demand in the labour market.

Singer raises $20,000 for flood-hit Thái Nguyên in 24 hours

A-list pop singer Tùng Dương and his friends made a donation of VNĐ500 million (US$20,000) to flood victims in the northern province of Thái Nguyên.

Dương sent the money to Việt Nam Fatherland Front in Thái Nguyên Province on September 10, supporting families of those killed by flooding and other people in need.

The singer cancelled his planned music video launch slated for September 12 in order to call for donations from his family and friends.

“My friends and I decided to send the money to Việt Nam Fatherland Front in Thái Nguyên Province, one of the northern provinces suffering from historic floods," Dương said.

"I'm not sure how much I can raise in funding over the next few days, but the most important thing is that we express our sympathy to those affected by the floods."

As of September 11, he has raised VNĐ140 million to support the flood-affected provinces of Cao Bằng, Lào Cai and Bắc Giang.

Dương will perform in a charity concert on September 15 at 7pm at Thiên Sơn Plaza, 89 Lê Đức Thọ Road, Hà Nội. Cash donations can be sent to account owner Trần Mai Anh, account number 3499 MBBank.

Admission to the concert is free. People can register by emailing nguyenquockhanhhh@gmail.com. 

Art exhibition showcases Việt Nam's traditional lanterns

An exhibition is showcasing 70 traditional Vietnamese lanterns based on historical materials of old Vietnamese lanterns.

The exhibition, titled 'Tầm & Tập,' is organized by the architect couple Nguyễn Thị Kim Thủy and Hoàng Sơn, along with members of the 'Khởi Đăng Tác Khí' group. 

According to Nguyễn Thị Hồng Bân, the exhibition presenter, the 'Khởi Đăng Tác Khí' group was founded in 2022 by architecture students from HCM City University of Architecture.

The exhibition has been planned over a year and is targeted to launch during the Mid-Autumn Festival, she added.

She also said that the lanterns are mainly made from bamboo for the frame, offering flexibility and termite resistance, while the cellophane of the lanterns is custom-made by an artisan in District 5, HCM City.

The highlight of the exhibition is a 10-metre-long dragon-shaped lantern, inspired by images from the Phủ Giầy lantern festival in Nam Định province in 1920.

This handcrafted piece took over 370 hours, with 220 hours for the dragon's head and 150 more to complete the rest.

There are other lanterns shaped like animals, inspired by the festival, such as the giant crab, sea dragon, a carp jumping a dragon gate, and butterfly.

Bùi Thị Bích Phượng, a visitor at the exhibition, said this is the first time she has seen so many traditional lanterns like this, and she is happy to learn more about other types of traditional Vietnamese lanterns.

Nguyễn Lê Hằng Nga, another visitor at the exhibition, said she was amazed and learned more about the traditional culture of Vietnamese lanterns and the Mid-Autumn Festival. 

She was also inspired by the young people’s efforts to preserve the cultural values of Việt Nam.

The exhibition runs until September 20, with visiting hours from 4 pm to 8 pm at the 'Tích - Fragments du Passé' space in Tân Bình District, HCM City.

80-year-old painter exhibits art dedicated to northern region

The stunning landscapes and vibrant daily life of the mountainous northern region of Hà Giang have found expression in a multitude of oil paintings by the esteemed artist Đỗ Đức. This lively collection of artworks will be revealed to the public during an exhibition opening today at the Việt Nam National Museum of Fine Arts in Hà Nội.

Titled Non Nước Biên Thùy (Borderland), the exhibition showcases more than 50 selected artworks that the 80-year-old artist created over the past two decades.

Artist Đức has woven his artistic style connected to the dense forests, meandering rivers and majestic rocky plateaus of the mountainous northern region.

In this exhibition – his seventh solo show – he pays homage to the rocky northern mountains, exploring themes that resonate with the region's stone fields, spirited horses and intimate dwellings nestled upon rugged plateaus. Highland markets come alive in his brushstrokes, and the people of these mountainous regions emerge through poignant depictions of mothers. Every work of art breathes the essence of these mountains and forests, Đức's true artistic homeland.

Each painting, including Nắng Trên Dãy Hồng Ngài (Sunlight on Hồng Ngài Range), Sương Sớm Rẻo Cao (Morning Mist in the Plateau), Sườn Phía Tây Sơn Vĩ (West Slope of Sơn Vĩ), Huyền Thoại Khau Vai (Legend of Khau Vai) and Tháng Ba ở Xín Cái (March in Xín Cái), serve as a vivid slice of the landscape, capturing the essence of locals' lives. Together, these paintings create a rich panorama that celebrates the region.

In conjunction with the exhibition, the artist will also unveil his art book Borderlands, showcasing 200 paintings inspired by the rocky plateau. Alongside the pieces portraying the region’s imposing landscape, a significant portion of the book is dedicated to capturing the lives of local ethnic communities, as well as their horses – the animals intricately woven into the fabric of their existence.

The collection has been created by the artist over the past 20 years.

“In 1973, I first went to Hà Giang, traveling through several highland districts such as Đồng Văn and Quản Bạ for just 23 days. Since then, that border region has followed me throughout my artistic career," Đức noted.

"Over many years of field trips in the mountains, from the northwestern to the northeastern and the Việt Bắc [the region that spreads over six north-western provinces of Hà Giang, Tuyên Quang, Cao Bằng, Bắc Kạn, Thái Nguyên and Lạng Sơn], exploring and sharing the lives of ethnic minorities, I discovered many humanistic values connecting nature with people. The reciprocal interactions from multiple perspectives helped me gradually see the depth of that relationship in my paintings. The historical connection between people and the land allows me to recreate the space of its early formation. I observed how, in the green forest, people receive gifts from rivers, plants, mountains and rocks intimately,” the artist stated in his book.

Late artist Anh Thường once commented on Đức’s paintings: "It is landscape, but it has become the country's portrait, the nation's face. Looking at the paintings, one wants to step into them, seeing villages and forests full of the vitality of people. In hidden corners and turns, one can see people existing there, sheltering and making a living. Viewing the paintings, one sees that the ethnic groups have formed the values of the nation's frontier.”

On Saturday, September 14, Đức’s captivating painting Lên Nương (On the Rice Field) will be auctioned off. The starting bid stands at US$1,500, and the money raised will go toward constructing a much-needed classroom for pupils in a remote village in Hà Giang.

For the past 11 years, Đức has been a steadfast supporter of the charity group Hoa Của Đá (Flower of the Rock), generously donating his artworks for fundraising. Thanks to his contributions and the kindness of other individuals and organisations, thousands of ethnic school pupils in the northern region have had the opportunity to pursue their studies in sturdy, concrete classrooms.

“It’s heartwarming to see how art can make a tangible difference in education,” the artist said about why he decided to get involved with the charity.

An art talk will also take place on Saturday prior to the auction.

The exhibition Non Nước Biên Thùy will be open to the public until September 15. The Việt Nam National Museum of Fine Arts is located at 66 Nguyễn Thái Học Street in Hà Nội. 

Late historian’ books on southern Việt Nam released

A series of ten books on the South’s history and culture by late historian and cultural researcher Vương Hồng Sển has been released by HCM City-based Trẻ (Youth) Publishing House.

The publications feature the history of the South’s beginning and development in different periods. 

Highlighted books are Sài Gòn Năm Xưa (Sài Gòn in the Past), Sài Gòn Tả Pí Lù (The Stories of Saigonese) and Tự Vị Tiếng Nói Miền Nam (The Southern Dialect Dictionary). 

These works highlight Sài Gòn, now Hồ Chí Minh City, its people, culture and lifestyle. 

Sển’s family and the Trẻ Publishing House have signed a contract to reprint and release his works.  

According to cultural researcher Nguyễn Hiến Lê, Sển’s books are like films capturing the South which help readers discover the land’s development in different periods. 

He also released many books and documentaries on the South’s culture, traditional theatre and music. 

Sển was born in 1902 in Sóc Trăng Province, and died in 1996 in HCM City.

He was also an antique collector, and donated his collection of 840 antiques to local public museums.

His house, located in Bình Thạnh District’s Nguyễn Thiện Thuật Street, has become a tourist destination.

The old building is still well maintained with big pillars and carved patterns. It displays many ancient objects, paintings and photos.

It was recognised as an “architectural monument” of the city by the HCM City administration in 2003.

Two of his books, entitled Truyện Cười Cố Nhân (Folk Jokes) and Hồi Ký 50 Năm Mê Hát (Memories of 50 Years Singing), were recently reprinted, attracting many young readers, including university students in literature, cinema and theatre.  

Truyện Cười Cố Nhân was first released in 1972 and focuses on the habits and funny phenomena reflected in southern culture and lifestyle. Folk literature is also included. 

Hồi Ký 50 Năm Mê Hát features the history and development of cải lương (reformed opera), a traditional genre of southern theatre which began in the early 1920s in the Mekong River Delta region.

The book includes pictures and paintings collected and captured by writer Sển. 

It provides readers with a better knowledge of traditional songs, tunes and dances used in theatre in South Việt Nam. 

VNA/VOV/VNN/VNS