With Vietnam signing many multilateral and bilateral trade agreements and attracting more and more foreign investment, it is hard to avoid grievances and disputes, a workshop heard in HCM City yesterday (June 22).

Workers at Taiwan-owned New Apparel in Bình Phước Province 

Speaking at “Preventing and minimising international investor grievances and disputes,” Deputy Minister of Planning and Investment Vũ Đại Thắng said most foreign investors’complaints relate to issues like land lease, licence issuance, relocation of land owners, exploitation of natural resources, and environmental impacts.

The number of grievances and disputes has increased recently and they are also becoming increasingly complex, he added.

One of the country’s most attractive destinations for foreign investment, HCM City faces challenges in settling complaints and disputes involving foreign investors, according to Lê Thị Quỳnh Mai, deputy director of the city Department of Planning and Investment.

At the moment her department is handling eight cases which could possibly turn into international disputes, she said.

One of the challenges is convincing investors to move out of their project zone after the city’s plans changed since the time their projects were licensed a few decades ago, she said.

Another challenge arises from the fact that investors can sue Government agencies, she said.

“However, central and local government agencies have not provided much training to investment management officials in international regulations and laws. This can be seen as one of the causes of international disputes.”

Lack of close collaboration between various State agencies in settling investors’ grievances is also a reason for investors to resort to legal action against the Government, she said.

Each agency handles just one aspect of a project such as land use, licence or construction, and there is no overarching body that hears and resolves all the complaints, she said.

To avoid international business disputes, she said relevant agencies should always support investors during their implementation of projects and intervene promptly to resolve their difficulties.

“This is an important stage because if foreign investors can see their legitimate rights and interests are protected, no dispute will arise.”

Nguyễn Hưng Quang of NHQuang & Associates law firm said to prevent investor-State disputes, Vietnam should consider setting up a Systemic Investment Response Mechanism (SIRM) for dispute prevention.

SIRM provides the legal and institutional infrastructure that enables governments to identify, track and manage serious grievances arising between investors and public agencies as early as possible.

“It would help the Vietnamese Government react in a co-ordinated manner to investor grievances at an early stage, well before the aggrieved investor submits a legal claim for compensation.”

An SIRM has a lead agency that is an administrative body responsible for co-ordinating information and leading responses to investor grievances.

It also has information-sharing and early alert mechanisms and problem-solving methods to help settle conflicts to safeguard both the State’s and investors’ interests, he said.

When setting up an SIRM,Vietnam should also build capacity for all agencies involved in handling investors’grievances to enable them to offer legally sound solutions to disputes, he added.

Choosing investors

Deputy Minister of Justice Nguyễn Khánh Ngọc said local administrations should be careful when selecting foreign investors since there have been cases where investors got licenses but did not start their projects.

That is also a cause for dispute between foreign investors and the hosts, he said.

“We need to choose investors who have the financial capacity, credibility and a good track record of investing in other markets since foreign investment projects usually last dozens of years and are not a one-off deal.”

VNS